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The Indus Valley Civilisation now also known as the Harappan Civilisation, dates back to about 3000 BC.The civilisation is so vast in its extent that at its peak it is estimated to have encampassed a staggering 1.5 million sq.km -- an area larger than Western Europe.

Mohenjodaro and Harappa are principal cities excavated in 1920's by Sir Jhon Marshall. There were at least several others such as Rakhigarhi in Haryana and Ganweriwala in Pakistan's Punjab province. A recent count showed that as many as 1400 Indus sites have been found, of which 917 are in India, 481 in Pakistan and 1 in Afghanistan.

The emergence of this civilisation is as remarkable as its stability for nearly a thousand years. So how did the Harappans take the great leap from self-contained agricultural societies to a trade-oriented, luxury-conscious, sophisticated, urban civilisation, that gave the world the concept of town-planning?????

A tremendous ability is evident. So what and who caused it?.............